A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• properties of ZnO nanostructures, such as bandgap or conductivity [26]. Decorating ZnO with metals such as Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, and Al [27][28] can provide surface plasmonic effects that assist the electron transfer process in materials and extend the light absorption range of a photodetector [29][30]. However

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• as well as on tuning the photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanostructures through combination with metal nanoparticles. This review covers the major recent results of ZnO-based nanostructures used for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement. The broad range of ZnO and ZnO–metal nanostructures

• noble metal nanoparticles and the molecular fluorescence enhancement in the presence of ZnO alone and in combination with metal nanoparticles are also reviewed. Keywords: fluorescence; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; ZnO–metal nanomaterials; ZnO nanostructures; Introduction Over the last decades

• applications [13]. This review article seeks to present the fabrication methods and applications of zinc oxide nanostructures enhancing the photoluminescence emission or the Raman signal of analyte molecules. First, we focus on a wide range of synthesis methods of ZnO nanostructures and nanocomposites based on

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• nanoparticles loaded with graphene have an enhanced acetone response at 350 °C with increased graphene loading level (best at 5 wt % graphene) [40]. ZnO nanostructures doped with nickel and rGO were used for hydrogen sensing at 100 °C [34]. The decoration of MOS with a noble metal, such as Pd or Pt, improves

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• corresponding selected area electron diffraction pattern. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 58: Characterization details of g-C3N4 by XRD and XPS. Electron microscope analysis of Ni, Cu, ZnF2, NiF2, and ZnO nanostructures. Acknowledgements Authors acknowledge SAIF, NCPRE and IRCC at IIT

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• discussed. The results obtained in this study are of interest in the application of ZnO nanostructures for, e.g., gas sensing, solar cells, or field emitters, where controlled surface morphologies are required. Experimental We have grown ZnO nanorods on Si(100) substrates (HF-Kejing Materials Technology Co

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• , a lot of attention has been paid to the studies of ZnO nanostructures of various shapes, including oriented nanorods (NRs), nanowires, nanobelts, nanoparticles, etc. for versatile photonic applications [1][2]. ZnO NRs are especially attractive for short-wavelength nano-devices due to their high

• 1.039 µm [42]. Thus, the present work, for the first time, demonstrates the ability of ZnO nanostructures to generate nanosecond pulses. Conclusion Hydrothermally grown hexagonal-shaped [001]-oriented ZnO NRs are a promising material for broadband saturable absorbers for near-IR lasers (1–2 µm). In the

• -level pulse energy. The output characteristics of these lasers were limited by the scattering losses in ZnO NRs, which can be optimized by the synthesis method, for example, by additional annealing. Further improvement of the ZnO NR SA properties can follow two routes. First, the ZnO nanostructures can

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• , using aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 as analytes with different concentrations. It was found that the sensitivity of the resulting electrochemical sensors depends on the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures: the best results were achieved in the case of porous nanostructures (nanotubes and

• the presence of lead and other heavy ions, even in small quantities, is an important and topical task. ZnO nanostructures are promising candidates for use in such sensors. They are sensitive to various types of contamination, including almost all heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, and show very

• good adsorption results for the most hazardous ions (Pb, Cd, Hg) [6][7][8]. Generally, ZnO is chemically inactive, so it will not become a secondary source of contamination. Furthermore, ZnO nanostructures can have various types of morphologies, thus making it possible to diversify the electrical and

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• them, ZnO nanostructures have particularly attracted attention for use in gas sensors due to their stability and relatively high sensitivity to target gases such as NO2, NO, CO, n-propane (C3H8), and NH3. In general, gas sensing devices based on ZnO structures are evidenced to be influenced by many

• -oxide semiconductors are still of significant consideration. In this work, we propose a simple photochemical approach to synthesize Au NPs directly deposited on the surface of pre-synthesized ZnO nanostructures synthesized by chemical bath deposition on glass substrates. Morphological evaluation

• revealed that ZnO sub-micrometer spheres were deposited on the glass substrates and Au-decorated ZnO nanostructures were confirmed. Using photoluminescence (PL) spectra and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements, we investigate the SPR characteristics and ZnO exciton peaks, which complement

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• were used to prepare Ag-ZnO nanostructures, in which both green extracts acted as a shape controllers and reducing agents of Ag+ to overcome the self-nucleation problem of Ag NPs [164][165]. Direct photocatalysis by plasmonic metals Plasmonic catalyst systems have almost exclusively focused on the

Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

• Marina Davydova,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Jiri Smarhak,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Neda Neykova,
• Josef Nahlik,
• Jiri Kroutil,
• Jan Drahokoupil and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

• ]. Sadek et al. fabricated a ZnO nanobelt sensor and tested it for NO2 gas at operating temperatures between 150 and 450 °C. The optimum operating temperature for NO2 detection was in the range between 300 °C and 350 °C [25]. The sensing properties of various ZnO nanostructures (ZnO nanowires and ZnO–SnO2

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• utilised for the conversion of GO to graphene. Some ZnO–graphene hybrids have been prepared by fabricating vertically aligned ZnO NWs on few or single layers of the graphene substrate. In most of the work, graphene has been prepared by a CVD process with a few layers and large area, whereas the ZnO

• nanostructures are synthesised on this graphene layer in a tube furnace [231], by hydrothermal methods [227][232][233][234][235][236], MOVPE [237][238], or electrochemical deposition [239]. Li et al. synthesised ZnO–graphene hybrids by a facile freeze-drying treatment and a subsequent heat treatment method by

Performance of natural-dye-sensitized solar cells by ZnO nanorod and nanowall enhanced photoelectrodes

• Saif Saadaoui,
• Mohamed Aziz Ben Youssef,
• Moufida Ben Karoui,
• Rached Gharbi,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Vincenzina Strano,
• Salvo Mirabella,
• Alessandra Alberti and
• Rosaria A. Puglisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 287–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.31

• to the nature of the photosensitizer used in the present investigation. Furthermore, the small thickness of the ZnO NRs and NWs can be a major reason for this degradation in the efficiency. However, the chemical reaction of the ZnO nanostructures when immersed in dye solution was carried out at the

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• consumption, and poor stability over the time [38]. These limits can be overcome by functionalization of ZnO nanostructures with noble metal nanoparticles. Specifically, Pt and Pd are widely applied for monitoring explosive and toxic gases. The catalytic metals do not change the free energy of the reactions

• ], directly deposited on the surface of sol–gel pre-synthesized ZnO nanostructures. Further post-annealing at 550 °C to obtain ZnO NRs is necessary [45]. The prepared hybrid Pd@ZnO nanostructures are proposed as active layer in chemiresistive gas sensors for the detection of pollutant HCs. The effect of the

• contrary, high selectivity towards NO2 gas detection was obtained by using pristine ZnO chemiresistors. Experimental Sol–gel synthesis of ZnO ZnO nanostructures were prepared via a sol–gel process following the procedure reported in [45]. The subsequent washing of the obtained gel led to the complete

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• the photocatalysts. In this work, we have investigated the role of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) support and the irradiation source on mixed metal chalcogenide semiconductor (CdS–ZnO) nanostructures. The photocatalyst material was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method and thoroughly

• performs considerably better than the unsupported CdS–ZnO nanostructures. In addition, both the catalysts perform significantly better under natural sunlight than under visible light (only) irradiation. In essence, this work paves way for tailoring the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor

• support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO nanostructures has been elucidated. Experimental Materials For the synthesis of GO graphite powder (crystalline, −300 mesh, 99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar, whereas sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), potassium

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• sensing properties of the hybrid structure have been studied for different concentrations of ethanol and acetone. The response of the hybrid material is significantly higher compared to pristine ZnO nanostructures. The obtained results have shown that the nanohybrid is a promising structure for the

• ZnO nanostructures is similar to that described in our previous work [24]. Thin films of metallic Zn with a thickness of 600 nm were deposited on 2 mm square alumina substrates by means of radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Thin deposited films of Zn were anodized in 2 M oxalic acid dihydrate

• stirring graphite oxide solids in pure water (18.0 MΩ·cm resistivity, purchased from Barnstead) for 3 h and sonicated the resulting mixture (VWR B2500A-MT bath sonicator) for 45 min. This method yields well-dispersed GO in water. We drop-cast the obtained aqueous dispersion of GO onto ZnO nanostructures

High performance Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for sunlight-driven photocatalysis

• Bilel Chouchene,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Kevin Mozet,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1338–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.125

• . Among the various ZnO nanostructures developed for photocatalytic applications, ZnO rods have attracted a high interest due to their stability, their large specific surface area that favor mass transfer and generate more reactive sites, and their weak sensibility to photocorrosion [37][38][39][40][41

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• to ethanol vapour (reducing gas) at low temperature (70 °C), the fabricated sensing elements showed a significant increase in resistivity, as opposed to the conventional n-type behaviour of bare ZnO nanostructures. This work opens up avenues towards the fabrication of low temperature, photoactivated

• electrostatic interaction between the bR protein and the ZnO nanostructures [68][69]. The peak at 1040 cm−1 (region 880–1050 cm−1) shows the hydrogen out-of-plane (HOOP) vibrational mode, which indicates a twist in the skeleton of the protein. The comparatively weak feature within 1150–1500 cm−1 may be

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• deposition processes for ZnO nanostructures. For example, biopolymers can control the mineralization and the structure formation of inorganic materials in an aqueous environment. Biopolymeric templates and their structure-inducing properties are in the focus of many recent works and issued in a recent

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• @ZnO) was investigated. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), revealed the successful deposition of nanoscale gold on the surface of spherical and rod-like ZnO nanostructures, obtained after annealing at 300 and 550 °C

• , respectively. The pristine ZnO and Au@ZnO nanocomposites are proposed as active layer in chemiresistive gas sensors for low-cost processing. Gas-sensing measurements towards NO2 were collected at 300 °C, evaluating not only the Au-doping effect, but also the influence of the different ZnO nanostructures on the

• gas-sensing properties. Keywords: Au-doped ZnO; chemiresistive gas sensor; electrosynthesis; NO2 gas sensor; ZnO nanostructures; Introduction Today the use of low-cost portable gas sensors is essential to detect and to monitor toxic, polluting and combustible gases for the environmental protection

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

• Nafisa Noor,
• Luca Lucera,
• Thomas Capuano,
• Venkata Manthina,
• Alexander G. Agrios,
• Helena Silva and
• Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

• produce UV [9], blue [10] or white light [11]. Recently there have also been reports on dye-sensitized solar cells [12][13] that utilize ZnO nanostructures. ZnO, with its interesting electronic and optical properties [14] and possibility of synthesis using relatively simple approaches, can become a low

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch²

• Cheng Huang,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

• metal polymer blend lithography (metal PBL). The polymer blend lithography was applied in our earlier reports to fabricate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) patterns (monolayer PBL) [21], which were used, e.g., for the selective growth of ZnO nanostructures [22]. Instead of silicon wafers, other materials

Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites prepared by carbothermal evaporation method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• D. K. Avasthi and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 928–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.96

• of ZnO nanostructures, not much work has been done on the SHI-induced modifications in ZnO–CuO nanocomposites. In this paper, we report on the effects of 90 MeV Ni7+ ion irradiation on the structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites, which were prepared by a simple

• into ZnO nanostructures upon swift heavy ion irradiation, which in turn leads to the introduction of defect levels within the band gap. It must be pointed out here that a decrease in the band gap facilitates an easy passage of electrons from the conduction band and therefore leads to an increase in the

• irradiation can be used to controllably engineer the shape of ZnO nanostructures (nanorods and nanosheets) and enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites, improving their applicability as reusable photocatalysts. Conclusion ZnO–CuO nanocomposite thin films were prepared by carbothermal

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• layer of zinc phosphate which leads to an almost complete degradation after one hour although few crystalline ZnO particles inside the amorphous agglomerate can still be observed by TEM at this point. This is no longer the case after one day. During the etching of ZnO nanostructures with phosphate

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• hydrogen sensing [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The key features and availability of ZnO nanocrystals in distributed discrete gas sensing devices crucially depend on the growth conditions. These conditions strongly influence their size, uniformity and defects. Optical properties and gas sensing characteristics in ZnO

• nanostructures are mainly expected to differ in terms of their quality from those in bulk materials. In ZnO bulk material, the sensitivity and selectivity are not sufficiently high. ZnO nanocrystals possess a large surface atom/bulk atom ratio [7], which corresponds to a higher sensitivity, thermal stability [8

Integration of ZnO and CuO nanowires into a thermoelectric module

• Dario Zappa,
• Simone Dalola,
• Guido Faglia,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Matteo Ferroni,
• Caterina Soldano,
• Vittorio Ferrari and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 927–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.106

• (SEM) images of ZnO nanostructures fabricated by PVD technique [23]. Growth temperature has a strong influence on the nanostructures morphology; in fact, samples prepared at the highest temperature (1070 °C) show larger-size nanostructures as compared to low-temperature grown samples (700 °C). Further

• the individual performances of ZnO nanostructures. ZnO and CuO nanowires were assembled in a single device in order to fabricate a thermoelectric module. ZnO nanowires have been grown first; afterwards, copper oxide nanowires were synthesized on the same substrate, resulting in a series of five ZnO

• , fabricated combining ZnO and CuO nanowires-based multi-strips; the direction of applied temperature difference and thermoelectric voltage are also shown. Regarding the junction area between ZnO and CuO (Figure 3b), a metallic Cu film was deposited by sputtering on top of ZnO nanostructures and then oxidized